Farming: Difference between revisions

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== Required Materials == <!--T:19-->

To begin farming, a player needs good [[soil]] and seeds to plant crops. A specialized tool, the [[hoe]] is required to convert soil into farmland.

== Finding Seeds == <!--T:2-->

[[Wild Foods|Wild crops]] are created during world generation and can be found all over the world in different climatic regions. {{Breaking}} these crops is essential for gathering seeds to plant crops. Wild crops that are not mature do not always drop seeds when broken. Wild crops will grow, even when the chunks are not loaded, and their growth is not influenced by temperatures. However, they will also revert back to growth stage 1 after fully grown, if they are not harvested before the next growth tick. It is recommended to harvest all wild crops, regardless of growth stage, when out on a long journey, if the player foresees that they will not come the same way again.<br>

Seeds can also be found in seed and farming [[Loot Vessels|loot vessels]] located in [[ruins]] - some crops can '''only''' be acquired this way.

! Seed Type !! Product !! Location

| [[Carrot]] || [[File:Grid Carrot.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Flax]] || [[File:Grid flax.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Onion]] || [[File:Grid onion.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Spelt]] || [[File:Grid spelt.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Turnip]] || [[File:Grid turnip.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Parsnip]] || [[File:Grid parsnip.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Rice]] || [[File:Grid rice.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Rye]] || [[File:Grid rye.png|25px]] || Temperate

| [[Soybean]] || [[File:Soybean.png|25px]] || Warm

| [[Pumpkin]] || [[File:Grid pumpkin.png|25px]] || Ruins Only

| [[Cabbage]] || [[File:Grid cabbage.png|25px]] || Ruins Only

== Soil and Farmland == <!--T:4-->

=== Naturally Generated Soil === <!--T:5-->

=== Player Created Soil === <!--T:20-->

'''Compost''' is a player generated soil type with nutrient levels of 65%. This dirt is an alternative farming option if terra preta cannot be located. Each block of compost is created by sealing 64 [[rot]] in a [[barrel]] for 20 days.  

[[File:Moist-dry-farmland.png|thumb]]

=== Creating Farmland === <!--T:21-->

=== Soil Nutrients === <!--T:7-->

All soil, dirt, dry or moist farmland, has 3 nutrient levels, N, P, and K. Each crop consumes one of these nutrients. Some crops require higher values of nutrients than others, as shown in the table below. Crop growth rates also differ. Each crop has different total growth speed, which is shown by the number of growth days.  

==== Nutrient replenishment ====<!--T:9-->

Nutrients in farmland slowly replenish over time and return to the maximum level per soil type, for instance medium fertility will only regain nutrients to original levels. The rate of nutrient replenishment is slower if a crop is growing on it and faster when left fallow - meaning no crop growing. The nutrition type used by the currently growing crop will regenerate even slower then the two not actively used, and effectively wont replenish at all, as the currently growing crop reduces it with every growth tick. If the crop on the farmland is ripe, none of the nutrients will replenish.<br>

==== Crop rotation ====

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area over time and has been used since ancient times to maximize crop production. Nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) dependent crops can be rotated on the same growing area. For example, after harvesting a nitrogen dependent crop such as turnips, the soil will have a lower level of nitrogen but high levels of the two other nutrients. Therefore a phosphate or potassium dependent crop can be planted on the same soil.  

A common crop rotation strategy is to divide the fertile area into four sections, one each for N, P or K dependent crops and one left fallow (without any crops growing). After the first crops are harvested, the new crops are rotated to the next area e.g N dependent crops to the area where P dependent crops were harvested. Because nutrients replenish best in fallow soil, one area is kept unplanted during each rotation. This is particularly useful if the player does not have access to fertilizer yet.

'''Fertilizer''' such as [[saltpeter]], [[potash]] and [[bonemeal]] can be applied to the soil to replenish nutriments depleted by the growth of crops without waiting for the slow natural replenishment in fallow soil (no crops planted) or the need for crop rotation.  

Note that saltpeter can't be detected by a [[prospecting pick]] (propick) and must be found while exploring caves.

 

! Fertilizer !! Nitrogen (N) %!! Phosphorus (P) %!! Potassium (K) %!! Obtained by

| [[File:potash.png|30px]] [[Potash]]  ||style="text-align: center;"| 0 ||style="text-align: center;"| 0  ||style="text-align: center;"| 60 || crushing or grinding sylvite

| [[File:saltpeter.png|30px]] [[Saltpeter]] ||style="text-align: center;"| 13 ||style="text-align: center;"| 0 ||style="text-align: center;"| 44|| mined from caves

| [[File:bonemeal.png|30px]] [[Bonemeal]]  ||style="text-align: center;"| 3 || style="text-align: center;"|30 || style="text-align: center;"|0|| grinding bones

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<div id="crops">

== Crops == <!--T:10-->

To harvest, left click on the crop with an empty hand or harvesting tool, [[knife]] or [[scythe]]. Fully mature crops will return seeds, food, and in the case of flax, fiber. All fully mature crops have about a 5% chance to drop an extra seed when harvested.  

* Total Growth Days - The number of in game days it takes for a crop to be fully grown (harvestable).

* Required Nutrient - The type of nutrient (N, P, K) consumed from the farmland when a crop grows to the next stage.

* Cold/ Heat Resistant Until - [[Temperature]] range the crop can endure before it takes damage and then will yield less harvest on breaking. Generally all crops are able to keep growing only above 0°C. They might be able to endure lower temperatures without damage, but will not be able to grow under such circumstances. The only way to regulate temperature for crop growth at the moment is through the use of a [[greenhouse]] structure, which will raise the temperature. Keep in mind that getting to cold or too hot can halve the harvest of a crop, but the seeds will always be dropped.

=== Table of Available Crops === <!--T:12-->

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! Crop !! Growth Stages !! Total Growth !! Required Nutrient !! Nutrient Consumption !! Cold Resistant Until !! Heat Resistant Until

| {{Item List|item=Carrot|icon=Grid Carrot|page=Carrot}} || 7 || 4 days || '''K''' (Potassium) || 40 || -10°C || 32°C

| {{Item List|item=Flax|icon=Grid flax|page=Flax}} || 9 || 4.2 days || '''K''' (Potassium) || 50 || -5°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Onion|icon=Grid onion|page=Onion}} || 7 || 3.6 days || '''P''' (Phosphorus) || 35 || -1°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Spelt|icon=Grid spelt|page=Spelt}} || 9 || 4.4 days || '''N''' (Nitrogen) || 40 || -5°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Turnip|icon=Grid turnip|page=Turnip}} || 5 || 3 days || '''N''' (Nitrogen) || 30 || -5°C || 27°C

| {{Item List|item=Parsnip|icon=Grid parsnip|page=Parsnip}} || 8 || 6 days || '''P''' (Phosphorus) || 20 || -10°C || 32°C

| {{Item List|item=Rice|icon=Grid rice|page=Rice}} || 10 || 4.2 days || '''K''' (Potassium) || 50 || 8°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Rye|icon=Grid rye|page=Rye}} || 9 || 5 days || '''N''' (Nitrogen) || 40 || -5°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Soybean|icon=Soybean|page=Soybean}} || 11 || 5.4 days || '''K''' (Potassium) || 35 || -5°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Pumpkin|icon=Grid pumpkin|page=Pumpkin}} || 8 || 3.5 days || '''P''' (Phosphorus) || 30 || -5°C || 40°C

| {{Item List|item=Cabbage|icon=Grid cabbage|page=Cabbage}} || 12 || 6.5 days || '''N''' (Nitrogen) || 40 || -5°C || 35°C

Pumpkins are cultivated differently than all other crops. Please see the [[pumpkin]] page for detailed instructions about establishing a pumpkin patch.

==Animal attacks==

When building a farm, one should keep in mind that [[Hare|rabbits]] will go after planted crops and eat them, leaving not even the seeds behind.<br>

Rabbits spawn on grass blocks, so to rabbit-proof your farms, it is recommended to either use a wall, fence or a 2 blocks deep dry moat around the farm blocks, leaving no grass blocks in the enclosed area. The latter offers the added bonus of catching hungry rabbits when they try to reach the players crops.<br>

There are a few crops that will ''not'' be eaten by rabbits, namely rice, onions and [[pumpkin]]s. Those could be planted without protection, however rice and onions should be planted in crop rotation with other plants, which would again need rabbit protection.<br>

Starting with version 1.14, underground farming will no longer be an easily achievable solution. There is now a soft limit for plant growth in relation to depth below sea level: Each level below sea level requires one extra light level for the crop to grow, and below light level 19, each farther level incurs a 10% growth penality, which means growth will stop entirely at light level 9.

Given that the suns light level is 22, this means that with light shafts alone, which would be a direct connection between the sky and the farmland in form of a hole in the ground, farms can be placed at a maximum 3 levels below sea level without incurring growth penalties, and a maximum 12 levels below sea level before growth stops completely.

With a fully set chandelier, which would reach light level 24, a slightly lower depth might be reached. However, light levels do not accumulate, meaning combining a light shaft with light level 22 and a lantern with light level 18 will still result in a maximum light level of 22.

In a default height world, sea level is at 110.

== Food and Cooking == <!--T:13-->

:''See [[cooking]] for more information on player nutrition and preparing foods to eat.''

! rowspan="2" |Seed Type

! rowspan="2" |Category

! colspan="3" |Satiety

! colspan="3" |Satiety/Growth time (days)

!Raw

![[Cooking|Meals]]

![[Cooking#Making Bread|Bread]]

!Raw

![[Cooking|Meals]]

![[Cooking#Making Bread|Bread]]

| {{Item List|item=Carrot|icon=Grid Carrot|page=Carrot}} || Vegetable  

| 25.00 || 37.50 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Flax|icon=Grid flax|page=Flax}} || Grain  

| 7.14 || 28.57 || 38.10

| {{Item List|item=Onion|icon=Grid onion|page=Onion}} || Vegetable  

| 27.78 || 41.67 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Spelt|icon=Grid spelt|page=Spelt}} || Grain  

| 13.64 || 54.55 || 68.18

| {{Item List|item=Turnip|icon=Grid turnip|page=Turnip}} || Vegetable  

| 33.33 || 50.00 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Parsnip|icon=Grid parsnip|page=Parsnip}} || Vegetable  

| 16.67 || 25.00 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Rice|icon=Grid rice|page=Rice}} || Grain  

| 14.29 || 66.67 || 78.57

| {{Item List|item=Rye|icon=Grid rye|page=Rye}} || Grain  

| 12.00 || 48.00 || 60.00

| {{Item List|item=Soybean|icon=Soybean|page=Soybean}} || Protein  

| 150 || 240 || {{NA}}

| 27.78 || 44.44 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Pumpkin|icon=Grid pumpkin|page=Pumpkin}} || Vegetable  

| 480 || 720 || {{NA}}

| 137.14 || 205.71 || {{NA}}

| {{Item List|item=Cabbage|icon=Grid cabbage|page=Cabbage}} || Vegetable  

! Detailed explanation including changes since version 1.13 !! Detailled explanation of pumpkin plants

[[Category:Guides]]